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It is the statement of ethics for the International Journal of Asian Education published by Research and Education Development (READ) Institute collaborating with the Faculty of Education and Teacher Training of IAIN Palopo. This statement was adapted from the principles of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) GUIDELINES ON GOOD PUBLICATION PRACTICE and covered the code of ethics for Editor in Chief, Editorial Board members, Managing Editor, Section Editor, Reviewers, and Authors. This statement is based on: http://publicationethics.org

Ethical Guidelines in Journal Publications

Articles published in the International Journal of Asian Education are an essential building block in developing a coherent and respected network of knowledge on education, and those are a direct reflection of the writer's and institutions' quality. It is, therefore, necessary to agree upon standards of expected ethical behavior for all parties involved in the act of publishing. The International Journal of Asian Education is committed to guaranteeing that all procedures are directed merely to facilitate objective and intellectual treatment.

Before publishing both online and in print for the International Journal of Asian Education, the Editor in Chief in charge of publishing asks for input from other editors and support for suggestions from reviewers. Further, the editors and reviewers evaluate manuscripts without regard to race, gender, sexual orientation, religious belief, ethnic origin, citizenship, or specific political and group interest. It is also based on a series of journal publications starting from submitting manuscripts, checking editors, checking reviewers, checking layouts, checking plagiarism and copyright. In addition, the software is used to avoid plagiarism among the articles. This task is under the supervision of the Chief Editor and other Editors with authority, so the publication decision for the manuscript appears in the International Journal of Asian Education.

Conflicts of Interest

Occur when outside issues affect, or are perceived to affect, the neutrality or objectivity of research. It may occur at any stage of the research cycle, for example, while the manuscript is being written or converting a manuscript to a published article. Conflicts of interest do not always stop work from being published or prevent someone from being involved in the review process. First, however, they must be declared. An explicit declaration of all possible conflicts – whether they had any influence or not – allows others to make informed decisions about the work and its review process.

If conflicts of interest are identified after publication, the International Journal of Asian Education will take the action such as publish a corrigendum, or erratum, or even retraction a while to reassess the review process.

Some common conflicts include:

Personal – a pre-existing relationship induces an individual to misbehave.
Financial – an individual receives payment relating to the subject of the research or from affiliated organizations.
Intellectual property – an individual puts undue emphasis on patents or trademarks that they own or are owned by their organization.
Affiliations – an individual is employed by or is a member of an organization with an interest in the research outcome.
Ideology – an individual is influenced by beliefs or associations relating to the subject of the research.

The International Journal of Asian Education should carefully consider how these and other similar topics may affect us and how they could affect others involved in handling the manuscript.

Duties Of Chief Editor

Evaluate manuscripts fairly and solely on their intellectual merit.
Ensure confidentiality of manuscripts and not disclose any information regarding documents to anyone other than the people involved in the publishing process.
Has the responsibility to decide when and which articles are to be published.
Actively seek the views of board members, reviewers, and authors on how to improve/ increase the image and visibility of the journal.
Give clear instructions to potential contributors to the submission process and what is expected of the authors.

Duties Of Editorial Board Members

The editor is responsible for helping or giving suggestions to the Editor in Chief for deciding which articles are suitable for publication through editorial board meetings
Selecting the appropriate reviewer who will evaluate the manuscript
Actively contribute to the development and the greater good of the journal.
Act as ambassadors for the journal.
Continuously support and promote the journal.
Review any work assigned to them.

Duties of Managing Editor

Plan and manage all daily operations.
Hire, coach, and supervise personnel in the Section Editor.
Coordinate editorial publications and meetings
Checking the manuscript submission from authors, inform the Editor in Chief and assign the Editorial board to handle the manuscript.
Checking and ensuring the web journals can be accessed online

Duties of Section editor

Proofread text and correct spelling, grammar, and punctuation errors after revision and before publication.
Verify factual correctness of the information, such as dates and statistics before publication.
Check the manuscript text for style, readability, and adherence to editorial policies before publication

Duties of Authors

Have the responsibility of ensuring only new and original work is submitted. (do not contain plagiarism)
Must not reproduce work that has been previously published in other journals.
Must not submit any articles that are being reviewed or considered by the journal to other journals simultaneously.
Authors are only allowed to publish their work elsewhere after receiving a formal rejection from the International Journal of Asian Education or if the International Journal of Asian Education officially accepts their request to withdraw their paper.
Must inform the Chief Editor or the publisher of any inaccuracy of data in their published work so that correction or retraction of the article can be done.
Should make significant contributions and be held accountable for any shortcomings in their work.

Duties of Reviewers

Must disclose any competing interest before agreeing to review a submission.
Reviewers can refuse to review any submission due to a conflict of interest or inadequate knowledge.
Review all submissions objectively, fairly, and professionally.
Reveal any ethical misconduct encountered while reviewing to the Chief Editor for further action.
Should ensure the originality of a submission and be alert to any plagiarism and redundant publication.
Must not discuss the content of the submission without permission.
Adhere to the time allocated for the review process. Requests for extension to review the submission are at the discretion of the Chief Editor.

Allegation of Research Misconduct

International Journal of Asian Education (IJAE)

Research misconduct includes fabrication, falsification, plagiarism, citation manipulation, and other serious violations of research and publication ethics in conducting, reporting, or publishing research. Such misconduct may also involve duplicate or redundant publication, inappropriate authorship, manipulation of research data or images, undisclosed conflicts of interest, and serious breaches of ethical standards in the editorial or peer-review process.

When allegations of research misconduct or other serious irregularities arise in relation to manuscripts submitted to or articles published in the International Journal of Asian Education (IJAE), the Editors are responsible for assessing the concerns and taking appropriate action to protect the accuracy, credibility, and integrity of the scholarly record.

Integrity and Fairness in Research

IJAE is committed to responsible research, fair editorial procedures, and the impartial assessment of allegations of misconduct. The journal recognizes that allegations must be evaluated on the basis of available evidence and that an allegation alone does not establish that misconduct has occurred.

1. Principles and Ethical Standards

In cases of suspected misconduct, the Editors and Editorial Board will follow IJAE’s applicable publication ethics and plagiarism policies, its Article Policy, and relevant best-practice guidance from the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE).

The journal will distinguish between matters that can be addressed through editorial assessment, such as textual overlap or publication irregularities, and allegations that may require a formal investigation by the authors’ institutions or other competent bodies.

Core Principles

Fair, impartial, and evidence-based assessment of every allegation.
Confidential handling of information, subject to applicable legal and ethical obligations.
Protection of the rights and legitimate interests of all parties.
Appropriate consideration of conflicts of interest.
An opportunity for relevant authors to respond to concerns.
Proportionate editorial action based on the available evidence.
Preservation of the accuracy and integrity of the scholarly record.

2. Initial Assessment of Allegations

The initial assessment will determine whether the allegation falls within the scope of research or publication misconduct and whether sufficient information is available to justify further inquiry.

Allegations may be raised by authors, reviewers, editors, readers, research institutions, or other parties with relevant information. The journal may also initiate an assessment when potential misconduct is identified during plagiarism screening, peer review, editorial processing, or after publication.

The Editors will consider the nature and seriousness of the concern, the reliability of the information provided, and any potential conflicts of interest involving the individuals concerned.

Initial Assessment Includes

Reviewing the nature, scope, and details of the allegation.
Determining whether the concern relates to research misconduct, publication ethics, or another editorial matter.
Examining available evidence, including manuscripts, published articles, research data, references, similarity reports, and relevant editorial records.
Considering whether the concern may be explained by an honest error, a methodological limitation, an authorship disagreement, or another circumstance that does not necessarily constitute misconduct.
Identifying potential conflicts of interest and determining whether an independent editor or expert should assess the matter.
Deciding whether the allegation can be resolved editorially or requires further investigation or referral to an appropriate institution.

The journal will not treat a similarity score alone as conclusive proof of plagiarism. Any assessment of textual overlap must consider the nature, extent, context, attribution, and significance of the material concerned, in accordance with IJAE’s Plagiarism Policy.

3. Investigation and Author Response

When reasonable grounds exist to suspect research misconduct or other substantial irregularities, the Editor may contact the corresponding author and request a written explanation and relevant supporting documentation on behalf of the author group.

Depending on the nature of the allegation, the journal may request original data, research instruments, ethical approval documentation, consent records, source materials, authorship statements, or other information reasonably necessary to assess the concern.

Investigation and Verification

The assessment may involve:

Examining research records, data, methods, references, and supporting documentation.
Reviewing similarity reports and comparing potentially overlapping publications.
Assessing concerns about fabricated, falsified, manipulated, or inconsistently reported findings.
Reviewing authorship contributions, declarations, and relevant disclosures.
Consulting independent experts, including statistical or methodological specialists, when appropriate.
Seeking clarification from co-authors or other relevant parties where justified.
Referring the matter to the relevant research institution or competent authority when a formal investigation is necessary.

The Editors will provide the relevant authors with a reasonable opportunity to respond to the concerns and submit supporting evidence. The response will be considered alongside all other available information.

Where the allegations concern conduct that requires institutional investigation, the journal may request that the authors’ institution or another competent body investigate the matter. The journal’s editorial assessment does not replace a formal institutional investigation into research misconduct.

4. Outcomes of the Investigation

Editorial action will depend on the nature of the allegation, the evidence available, the authors’ explanations, and any findings provided by an appropriate institution or independent expert.

If the allegation is not substantiated, the Editors may close the case without further action. If the issue arises from an honest error or an ambiguity that does not undermine the overall reliability of the work, clarification or correction may be appropriate.

Possible Editorial Outcomes

No further action: When the allegation is not substantiated by the available evidence.
Clarification or additional documentation: When further information is sufficient to resolve the concern.
Revision or correction: When errors or omissions can be appropriately corrected without compromising the overall reliability of the work.
Rejection of a manuscript: When serious misconduct or a substantial breach of editorial policy is established before publication.
Expression of Concern: When substantial concerns about a published article remain unresolved and a public notice is warranted.
Retraction: When the reliability or integrity of a published article is seriously compromised or the circumstances otherwise justify retraction under IJAE’s Article Policy.
Institutional notification: When the nature of the allegation warrants referral to the relevant institution or competent authority.
Other appropriate editorial action: When necessary to protect the scholarly record and consistent with applicable journal policies.

IJAE’s Article Policy addresses withdrawal of articles accepted but not formally published, retraction of published articles, exceptional removal for specified legal or safety reasons, and replacement in specified circumstances. Any such action will follow the applicable provisions of that policy.

When retraction is justified, the journal will follow its stated retraction procedures, including publication of a retraction notice, linking the notice to the original article, and retaining the original article in the archive with the appropriate retraction indication, subject to the journal’s policy.

A correction, Expression of Concern, or retraction will not be used as a substitute for an appropriate investigation when the circumstances require further inquiry.

5. Institutional Cooperation

Research institutions are often best placed to investigate allegations involving access to original research records, laboratory or field procedures, ethical approvals, research supervision, and the conduct of researchers within their jurisdiction.

When necessary, IJAE may contact the relevant institution to request an investigation or seek information about the status and findings of an investigation. The journal may also cooperate with other journals, publishers, or competent authorities when the alleged misconduct affects multiple publications or research outputs.

Cooperation and Accountability

Institutions may be requested to investigate allegations that require access to evidence unavailable to the journal.
The journal may share relevant information with authorized parties when necessary and appropriate.
Institutional findings may inform editorial decisions concerning corrections, Expressions of Concern, retractions, or other measures.
The journal will consider institutional findings alongside its own assessment of the published scholarly record.
Communications and records relating to ongoing investigations will be handled responsibly, taking account of confidentiality, privacy, and applicable legal requirements.

The absence of a completed institutional investigation does not prevent the journal from taking appropriate interim measures when necessary to protect readers and the scholarly record. Any public notice issued before an investigation is concluded should accurately describe the nature and status of the concern without presenting unproven allegations as established facts.

6. Fairness, Confidentiality, and Transparency

IJAE will handle allegations with due regard for fairness, confidentiality, accountability, and transparency. Information will be shared only with individuals or organizations that have a legitimate role in assessing or investigating the concern, subject to applicable obligations.

The journal will avoid unnecessary disclosure of the identities of complainants, authors, reviewers, or other individuals involved in an investigation. However, confidentiality cannot be guaranteed where disclosure is required by law or necessary for a fair investigation.

Editors and editorial staff must disclose relevant conflicts of interest and, where necessary, withdraw from handling a case. An independent editor or expert may be appointed to support an impartial assessment.

The journal will communicate decisions to relevant parties as appropriate. Where editorial action affects a published article, the journal will provide a suitable public notice when necessary to maintain transparency and preserve the scholarly record.

Fair Treatment and Accountability

Allegations will be assessed without presuming guilt.
Relevant parties will be given a reasonable opportunity to provide explanations and evidence.
Decisions will be proportionate to the seriousness and substantiation of the concern.
Confidential information will be protected to the extent reasonably possible.
Editorial actions will be documented and implemented consistently with applicable IJAE policies.
Public notices will distinguish established findings from unresolved concerns.

Research Integrity and Publication Ethics

The International Journal of Asian Education is committed to maintaining responsible research practices, fair editorial procedures, and the reliability of published educational scholarship. By assessing allegations carefully, cooperating with appropriate institutions, and taking proportionate action when warranted, IJAE seeks to protect the integrity of the scholarly record and uphold the principles of accountability, fairness, and academic integrity.

This policy should be read together with IJAE’s Publication Ethics, Plagiarism Policy, Reviewers Guidelines, and Article Policy, as well as applicable COPE guidance on research and publication misconduct.